Choosing A Topic For Paper

Choosing A Topic For PaperWhen you are ready to write a paper, one of the best decisions you can make is to decide on a topic that is unique and interesting. Writing a paper can be fun and interesting if you choose the right topic. Writing a topic for the paper can be a very difficult task especially if you do not know where to start.One of the things you need to consider when choosing a topic for the paper is how much time you have to dedicate to writing your paper. Some topics are very difficult to write, because you have to think about all of the different aspects that are involved in the topic. In this case, you will need to find other ways to spend the time that you do have available to you.The first thing you need to decide is what type of paper you are going to write. When you write a paper, there are different types of topics that you can choose from. You can choose a survey topic, which is similar to one of the topics above, but does not require a lot of research.Another opt ion is to choose topics that involve research subjects. These topics can usually be done online, where the researcher has access to the information. The researcher does not have to take the time to go out and do the research themselves, which saves them time and money.Then there is the problem of finding enough time to complete a paper. If you choose the more traditional paper topic, then you might be forced to have a long, drawn-out paper that is riddled with notes and research. On the other hand, if you choose the more online and digital option, then you may find that it is easier to just write a few pages of your paper on the computer, since there is no way to go back and do the research.When you choose a topic for a paper, you will also want to consider who you want to read your paper. When you write a paper, you will need to let the readers know exactly why they should read your paper. This is a critical step in creating a successful paper.Finally, you will need to decide how m any pages you want to have in your paper. This can sometimes be difficult because many times, when you plan to submit your paper to a particular school or journal, they have different guidelines about the length of the paper. But in general, you will want to choose a topic for a paper that is between two hundred and two thousand words.When you are done writing the paper, you will want to give it some editing. You should also think about whether or not you want to read it, or edit it yourself. Many times, when you are editing a paper, you will want to ask someone else to help you write your paper.

Research Paper on Hamlet - Discover the Best Way to Research a Paper on Hamlet

Research Paper on Hamlet - Discover the Best Way to Research a Paper on HamletWriting a research paper on Hamlet can be a challenging and exciting time. Finding the right information to write about, writing an essay on the subject and even how to present your findings and how to make the topic engaging and interesting enough for your readers can be overwhelming. The last thing you want is to end up with a paper that's so poorly researched that it just ruins the entire paper.So, what's the best way to research a paper on Hamlet? One of the first things you need to do is to locate all the Hamlet versions available in print, read through the entire story and locate any and all references or other information in the story itself. It doesn't have to be just one copy, it can be multiple copies and it doesn't matter where they are located. For example, if the book on the subject was written by a well known author, that could be a problem as the copy could be your own work.But even if it's y our own work, it's a good idea to consult a reliable resource like the Internet so that you'll have an easier time finding the books that you're looking for. Another thing to keep in mind is that not all versions of Hamlet are alike, so you might have to go back and read some of the other versions and compare them with the version you have.Don't forget to read and reread the text several times to make sure that everything is accurate. Remember that this is going to be one of the most important things you ever write about so it's important to get it right. I often find that research papers on Hamlet can be most effective when they're unique and fresh to reflect the style of the original work.Perhaps you will have to begin by measuring your own handwriting to be sure that you don't alter the words of the story, which would make it unreadable to your readers. Just make sure that you keep your readings simple and straight forward without taking things too far away from Hamlet's usual 's ophisticated' behavior. The research paper on Hamlet should be quick and easy to read and give the reader enough information to follow along.The best research paper on Hamlet to write on is one that you are excited about writing. You may be writing a thesis or dissertation or simply writing to get more information on the subject. The best research paper on Hamlet to write on is one that you have fun writing and that you enjoy reading, as you'll get more ideas from your reading.There are so many tips that can be used to make a better research paper on Hamlet, but remember that the goal is to write a good paper and to write something that will stand out and captivate your readers. That's the only way that you will really learn the subject. Good luck and stay active in your studies!

GED Essay Topics - How To Write A Good GED Essay Topic

GED Essay Topics - How To Write A Good GED Essay TopicThe University of Michigan offers students the opportunity to create a GED essay topic for the school's GED math and English classes this year. Many students take the GED exam in high school and then go on to college, but never take the exam again as a student. So for them, the GED essay is a great way to show that they have taken their GED seriously.Students have to pass the GED math exam to earn a GED score of 70 percent. You have to study for that test and then write an essay of five to eight pages. The GED essay topic has to demonstrate your commitment to the GED. Many students will try to convince their parents that they were not good at school but as an adult, you can show them that you have learned from that experience and are committed to earning your GED.Many people may think that the GED essay topics are impossible to write, but if you study what you are supposed to write you will find many GED topics that are fairly eas y to write. Many GED teachers offer help for students who are struggling with the GED essay topics.Help is available for those who would like to be more prepared for the test. Students can read some of the GED essays that have been submitted and find some great ideas that they may use in the writing of their own GED essay.Many math teachers offer online tutorials, but some math teachers do not have the time to offer this type of help for their students. Online tutorials can be found through the GED Testing Authority and they can give you tips on how to write a GED essay, and many of them will be available for download.Some math tutors may offer a GED test preparation package for students, but there are some students who cannot afford the time to devote to the preparation of atest. The good news is that many math teachers are beginning to offer tutorial sessions for those students who cannot afford to pay a math tutor.Help is readily available for the students who need it, so they do not have to worry about it. All you have to do is find the right math or English teacher for you and then write your GED essay.

A Marketing Case Study of Giant Bicycles Essay Example

A Marketing Case Study of Giant Bicycles Essay The world’s largest bicycle manufacturer was born thanks, in part, to a typhoon. That typhoon destroyed King Liu’s eel farming business. Turning to something completely different, the Taiwanese engineer assembled eight partners to create Giant, a bicycle manufacturing business located outside Taichung, Taiwan. The initial strategy was to to manufactures bikes that were designed and sold abroad under different brands (or as an OEM, Original Equipment Manufacturer). King Liu would be responsible for the operations side while Anthony Lo (the current CEO) would handle the marketing side. Giant’s first American customer was West Coast Cycle (now Raleigh Cycles) but the main goal was to become a supplier for America’s top brand, Schwinn. Thanks to attractive pricing, Giant was able to land its first Schwinn contract in 1977. In 1980 American labor relations enabled Giant to take a leap forward. A strike organized by the UAW closed down Schwinn’s Chicago plant and Giant jumped in to fill the production shortfall. The Chicago plant was closed down three years later and Giant’s supply share kept rising. Giant was able to manufacture and ship bikes at a cost lower than the raw materials cost of a Chicago bike. By 1984 it was supplying approximately two thirds of Schwinn’s bikes or 500,000 units a year. In 1985, only seven years after the initial contract, Tony Lo proposed a joint venture to Schwinn. The Schwinn management was split on whether to marry Giant or to seek a greater range of suppliers. Ultimately, the CEO, Ed Schwinn, Jr. , opted for diversification by entering into an agreement with China Bicycles Company, a Shenzhen-based supplier. We will write a custom essay sample on A Marketing Case Study of Giant Bicycles specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Marketing Case Study of Giant Bicycles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Marketing Case Study of Giant Bicycles specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer In retaliation, Giant   decided to start selling under its own brand in the US (it had already started doing so in Taiwan in 1981). Giant’s US branch, headed by a former Schwinn executive, offered dealers lower retail prices as well as higher profit margins (36% as opposed to 34%). Seven years later, in 1992, Schwinn filed for bankruptcy; at that point Giant was already selling 300,000 bicycles in the US or more than half of Schwinn’s sales of 534,000 units. By the end of the twentieth century Giant had justified its name and become the world’s largest bike manufacturer. In 008, it had nine factories producing 6. 4 million bikes sold in 10,000 retail outlets; its six Chinese factories accounted for over 80% of its production A large part of Giant’s success was due to acute awareness of segmentation. Everything from design to retail store layout was predicated on segmentation. Two variables took precedence: terrain (on-road, off-road or across-the-road) a nd cyclist type (lifestyle, performance, sport). But one area where Giant was not attaining the success it sought was women’s bicycles. Women were buying fewer bikes than men and and spending less money doing so. Tony Lo set about changing this state of affairs. The gender turn Lo’s idea was to open a store exclusively for women. After all there were women’s apparel shops, why not a women’s bike shop? And the managers of a women’s only store would be forced to discover what and how to sell to women in order to survive. To head the project, he chose Bonnie Tu, Giant’s chief financial officer. Such a choice offered two benefits: first, a woman would be leading this gendered store project and secondly, her financial experience would ensure financial discipline and an eye on profitability. A core project team of four members initially spent a year testing various ideas in the women’s corner (or ghetto? ) of existing Giant retail stores. The new store was designed to be as modular as possible so as to allow for maximum experimentation. Baptized Liv/giant, it was inaugurated in April 2008. The store was an immediate success, turning profitable after four months. What did the women’s store do differently from the already existing â€Å"bisexual† stores? One key feature was comfort. There were places to sit, making it something of a bicycle lounge. Cyclists have their own apparel and the changing rooms were made larger and more comfortable so that women would not hesitate to try new cycle fashions. Taiwanese women do not like tans and bandanas became a top selling item. Customers would buy two or three of them, one for the neck, one for the face and one for the head. For the same reason, they preferred their jerseys long-sleeved and their shorts not short at all. To avoid any wrist-tan, gloves were redesigned to extend further along the arm. And, of course, all these pieces of apparel needed to match the bike. Then there were classes and excursions to overcome any technical hurdles. Women could learn to ride a bicycle through the store; they could join together for scheduled store-led rides to discover new paths and areas of the island. As Lo puts, the store was less about selling bicycles than about building riding experiences. With experience, Giant discovered a few things it had not envisioned. Apparel and accessories account for a much larger percentage of the women’s store sales – 43% as compared to 20% of sales in a standard store and 27% in the women’s section of the standard store. The emphasis on apparel and accessories made for more repeat purchases, with customers coming back on the average once a month. With regard to accessories, women were quickly making design requests. For example, small bags around the seat, conveniently designed for holding purse, phone and other such personal items. When customers started twisting their mirrors, Giant realized it could design and sell a mirror that would allow the rider to check her appearance upon dismounting from her bicycle. The question raised in the end by the case is how to go about spreading the concept of the women’s store. The Japanese division head has developed a plan for women’s store in Tokyo. The question CEO and case readers must decide whether the first store in Japan should be corporate-run or whether each regional subsidiary should be allowed to set up the women’s stores as it saw fit. Reference: Harvard 9-610-096 Professor Willy Shih, Ethan Bernstein, Maly Hout Bernstein (Harvard Business School) Professor Jyun-Cheng Wang, Yi-Ling Wei (National Tsing Hua University) Published September 2010 Professor profile Willy Shih * Home * About Casium * Newsletter * Strategy * Entrepreneurship * Leadership * Marketing * Finance * Operations * Human capital Designed by Shubh Infotech Bottom of Form

Leukemia Case Study Essays

Leukemia Case Study Essays Leukemia Case Study Essay Leukemia Case Study Essay Leukemia are cancers of the blood- forming tissues. White blood cells may be produced in excessive amounts and are unable to work properly which weakens the immune system. The patient is a 68 year old male admitted on 02/07/201 S with chief complaint of weakness and shortness of breath. Patient was admitted to the medical- surgical unit with pneumonia. Description of Condition First of all, What is Leukemia? In healthy person, white blood cells are produced in the bone marrow and then it transfer to the blood in a continuous basis. Bone marrow is the spoon). Tissue inside the bone where blood cells are made. They are produced by stem cells in the long bones. According to Assignations and Workman (201 3), Leukemia accounts for 2% of all new cases of cancers and 4 % of all deaths from cancer (as cited in American Cancer Society, 2011). In a person with ML the same process occurs, except the white blood cells production proceeds to an excessive uncontrollable rate of immature white bloo d cells. In acute leukemia, the leukemia or blast cells function abnormally and accumulate in the peripheral blood, the bone marrow, and central nervous system. At an uncontrollable rate leukemia cells dont stop diving when should. Most patients with acute leukemia will only live few months if left untreated. Body then is deprived of essential components for its immune system. Leukocytes(white blood cells) protect our bodies from infections and cancer development. Furthermore, it presents with pare skin, patchier, bleeding from minor cuts, lack of energy , and mild fever and aches in the joints or bones(Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 2011). There are may types of leukemia, but the four most common forms are derived from only two types of cells, lymphocytes, and employees. There are subtypes of these diseases, which are classified depending on pacific cell type involved or degree of maturity. The estimates for leukemia in the United States for 2014 are about 1 8,860 new cases of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Most will be in adults. (American Cancer Society, 2014). Etiology and Risk factors The exact cause of leukemia is unknown. There are many different origins and risk factors for the four main kinds of leukemia and while some may be directly linked, there are others that show small linkage to anything at all. Environmental and genetic factor are involved in the development of leukemia. Risk factors to the development of leukemia include environmental actors, immunologic factors, genetic factors, reduced production of blood cells in the bone marrow, exposure to chemical and drugs, viral infections, and ionizing radiation. ML has no main risk factors, but does have a few potential risk factors like excessive exposure to benzene, a chemical found in cigarette smoke and work places (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 2011). Smoking is a risk factor for many diseases such as lung cancer, heart disease, kidney disease among others but what most people fail to realize, It is a risk factor for leukemia. Leukemia can be acute, with sudden onset and short oration, or chronic, with slow onset and persistent symptoms for years. According to Assignations and Workman (201 3), With Leukemia, cancer most Often Occurs in the Stem cells or early precursor leukocyte cells, causing excessive growth or a specific type of immature leukocyte (p. 880). Also, the cells accumulate in the blood and in certain organs, forcing out healthy cells and interfering with the function offbeat organ. ML is caused by abnormalities of our DNA that controls the development in your bone marrow. These abnormal cells build up and replace healthy cells. Sign and Symptoms The patient with acute leukemia has abnormal labs like decrease hemoglobin and homoerotic levels, low platelet count and abnormal white blood cells counts. There are some changes associated with acute leukemia due to these abnormal labs. The blood circulate through the body thus affecting all organ systems. There are may symptoms of ML, in the early stages, the symptoms of ML may resemble the flu. Symptoms of leukemia are linked with the blood function because the initial pathogenesis of the disease in on the bone marrow . The following are the common manifestations of leukemia : anemia , bleeding or bruising bone and joint ins , recurrent infections due to an increase in immature white blood cells, swollen lymph nodes abdominal distress , and breathing difficulty. Anemia due to a low ROB count. Because red blood cells carry oxygen throughout the body . The anemia occurs due to the incapacity of the bone marrow to produce red blood cells in association with the overcrowding Of the bone marrow with the proliferating cancerous cells . Manifestations of this symptom include the tiredness of the patient, faster breathing , and paleness, fatigue and short of breath. Patient is unable to do simple this like bathing because there is no energy. Also, skin becomes pale and cool to touch as a result of reduced tissue perfusion. Leukemia which is a low WEB count or decrease in production of mature, healthy, functional white blood cells. Leukocytes, which in turn weaken the body immune response; thus, the patient is vulnerable and prone to recurrent infections. Recurrent infections that can be viral or bacterial and occurs over the past weeks are brought about by the disrupted capacity of the immune system to mount an immune response due to the presence of immature white blood cells . Thermodynamic a low blood platelet count. The platelets are the load cells responsible for blood clotting. A shortage of blood platelets may lead to easy bruising or bleeding. The multitudes of cells present in the bone marrow results to pain in joint and bone . Abdominal distress is an outcome of the pooling of leukemia cells in the liver spleen , and kidney which causes the swelling of these organs. Because of enlarged liver or spleen or surrounding organs due to the build up Of abnormal cells spleen and liver may cause feeling of fullness (loss of appetite). This leads to weight loss, anorexia, nausea. Blood clotting times and factors are abnormal. Clotting time is prolonged as well. Patient History and Medication Reconciliation Patient is a 68 year old male. He was admitted on 02/07/2015 with chief complaint of weakness and shortness of breath. Patient has a past history of coronary artery disease status post MI, trial fibrillation status post pacemaker, leukemia, in remission, Hyperglycemia, Hypertension, anomic brain injuries after cardiac arrest, who has been complaining of weakness over the last 2 weeks. The patients family were concerned for pneumonia and they call EMUS. He was found to have pneumonia by chest x-ray in the Emergency Room. Patient diagnostic test in the ERE include White blood cell 3. , Hemoglobin 11 . 1, platelets 90, sodium 129, potassium 4, chloride 92, vicars 27, BUN 19, creating 0. 2, glucose 137, EKE is sinus rhythm at 72 beats per minute, wide SIRS, nonspecific inter ventricular block, SST-T abnormality, dioxin 0. 7, trooping less than 0. 01, BAN 5081. The patient past us racial history include CAB, material valve replacement with mechanical valve, Hernia repair, pacemaker in place. Patient is allergic to codeine. Patient had itch skin as stated by wife. Patient has a history of smoking long time ago. Smoked 1 pack daily for 20 years. The patient uses alcohol rarely. Patient lives at home with his wife. Patient home medication include Emendation 200 MGM once daily, transportation 20 MGM once daily, dioxin O. 25 MGM once daily, hydrazine 25 MGM ;ice dally, shorebird 20 MGM twice daily, lowercase 1 MGM Q. H. S PR. , meteorology MGM once daily, proton 40 MGM once daily, superannuation 25 MGM once daily, soma 0. 4 MGM once daily, Commanding 1 MGM once daily. Patient was admitted to the medical-surgical floor with pneumonia patient will be put on elevating and given ethylene as needed for fever. Patient is positive for dizziness, positive for shot-term memory loss, positive for dry cough, positive for shortness of breath. No chest pain, no nausea or vomiting. No abdominal pain, no diarrhea, no constipation Positive for fever. Nursing Assessment, Medications, and Labs Patient noted to be sleeping on arrival. Patient breathing normally with occasional cough. Patient recent Vitals (0)38. 2-76-18 on 2. 5 L 1 19/54. Patient had no pain at this time. Patient is on fall precautions. Patient noted to be confused and respond to voice only. Patient physical exam reveals him to be alert and oriented to person, place, and time. He communicates, though not readily. His speech and vision are intact but only to voice. Patient spends to voice commands only, and when looking at him in the eye. He has an equal grip bilaterally and can move all extremities, though he is slightly weak and needs assistance with nursing activities such as with reposition. Patient is on telemetry monitor. His apical pulse 78. Capillary refill is less than 2 s. No Jugular vein distention noted. His peripheral pulses are weak and equal. No B/L peripheral edema noted. Patient had flowstone in place. No shortness of breath noted. No nasal flaring. Chest expansion symmetrical. His left lung is clear on auscultation, but right upper lobe of the Eng rancho was heard on auscultation, his respiratory rate is 18, and his oxygen saturation is 98% on 2. L of oxygen via nasal canal. Patient is able to turn, cough and deep breath. Patients wife assisted him with the use of incentive speedometer at 1200. Patient noted to have a pacemaker on right chest wall. Also, on the left chest patient has an infusorians that hasnt been access. In the middle of the chest patient has an old scar form CAB. He has positive bo wel sounds in all quadrants on auscultation , and his abdomen is soft, round, and non tender. He had a small loose brownish bowel moment this morning. Patient is passing flatus. He is on a regular diet, but his appetite has been poor for the past few weeks his wife stated. Wife stated that patient did not have anything to eat for breakfast except for a few sips of juice. For lunch, wife fed patient about 25% and 120 ml of milk. Patient takes pills whole. Patient has his own teeth, and does not wear glasses. No bladder distention noted. No burning on urination. Client is incontinent of urine. This morning nursing student put a new condom catheter. Client is voiding appropriately and his urine is clear and yellow. No foul odor or cloudy. He appears pale and is unkempt. His skin is warm, dry, and intact. NO ash noted. Oral cavity dry. He appears somber and is slow to comply with nursing instructions. Patient has a saline lock on left arm on the thumb side. No pain, rather, edema noted. At 1 100, 0. 9% INS IV fluids 50 ran_/hrs. Patient is on bed rest. He is out of bed with assistance of 2. And transfer with assistance of 2. He needs assistance to set up meal tray. Patient was wash this morning, though he was tired. He was turn at 1200, 1400. Patient ID band was in place. Call bell in reach. Patient demonstrated ability to push button on call bell. Partial side rails up, fall risk identified, fall alert sigh in place. Patient is a DON/DIN. When talking with wife, she stated that she is the primary caregiver at home. Her husband sleep in a regular bed. Case manager was in this morning discussing with the wife of the patient about possible discharge to a nursing home. Patient current medication list include for angina therapy, Shorebird Monetarist to be given 20 MGM orally 2 times per day, Mentality agents; Lowercase 1 MGM orally every day at bed time, Antichrists; moderation administer consistently in regards to food/meals 200 MGM orally everyday. Anticoagulants; warring 2 MGM orally every day, patient currently not on medication. Interdisciplinary; transition 20 MGM orally every day. Interventions therapy engage; hydrazine 25 MGM orally 2 times per day. Beta adrenaline blocker; meteorology ERE 150 MGM orally every day. Cardiac Interlopes; Dioxin 127 meg orally every day. Diuretics; superannuation 17. 5 orally every day. Peptic ulcer therapy; proton 40 MGM orally every morning. Prismatic Hypertrophy agent; Tomlinson ERE 0. 4 MGM orally everyday. Patient is on Sodium Chloride 0. 9 IV 50 ml/hrs continuous. Levitation in DEW MGM IV every 24 hrs. Opprobrium-alabaster 0. OMG-3 MGM inhalation every 6 hrs. Bonaparte 200 MGM orally three times a day as needed for cough. Suffering 600 MGM oral every 12 hours to reduce viscosity of secretions. Chlorinating 25 MGM orally. Patient lab include: on 02/07/15 CB with Dif include Interruption 14. 6, Lymphocyte 21. 0, Monocots 64. 1, Censorship 0. 2. On 02/10/15, WEB count 1. 9, Hemoglobin 9. 6, Homoerotic 28. 9, Platelets 62, BUN 34, creature 0. 70, sodium 133, potassium 4. 3, Albumin 2. 8, promote 35. 5. On 02/12/15, WEB count was 0. 8, ROB count 2. 75, Hemoglobin 9. 0, Homoerotic 26. 8, Platelets 42, Interruption 4. 9, Lymphocytes 85. , Monocots 9. 7, Promote 35. 5, INNER 3. 23. On 2/9/15 patient had an cardiograms which show iterate left ventricular dilation, Hyperkinetic inferior wall. Severely reduced FEE estimated at 20-30%. Normally function mechanical valve. Diagnostic procedure and Treatment Diagnosing acute myeloid leukemia (ML) and ML subtype usually involves a series of tests including complete blood count and bone marrow aspiration and biopsy (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 201 1). The gold standard for diagnosing leukemia is an examination of cells obtained from bone marrow aspiration and biopsy. The bone marrow full immature cells. This cells have tags( antigen) on the surface of cell. The specific antigens can alp diagnose the type of leukemia. Due to accelerated research and advances in oncology medicine in recent years, there are several forms of treatment available for the patient with leukemia. The main types of treatment selected for most patients with leukemia today are chemotherapy, radiation, and stem cell transplantation also know as homeopathic stem cell transplantation(HOST) (Assignations Workman, 201 3, p. 883-889). The type of treatment selected by the patient and doctor is based on many factors including the type of leukemia, the age of the patient, and other health issues or problems the patient may have. There are a few efferent treatments recommended for ML depending on the severity and the individual patient. A combination of chemotherapy drugs is the most popular initial treatment. Antibiotics may also be recommended to prevent infection which is very common in this disease. Drug therapy for patient with ML is divided in three distinctive phases: Induction, consolidation, and maintenance (Assignations Workman, 2013, p. 83) Chemotherapy is the use of anticancer drugs design to slow or stop the growth of rapidly diving immature cells in the body. While chemotherapy targets cancer cells, it can also damage health cells and cause unpleasant side effects. ML treatment is generally done in two phases: induction therapy, consolidation therapy; thus,Len induction chemotherapy a combination of dr ug is used to destroy as many leukemia cells as possible and bring blood counts to normal (Leukemia and Lymphoma Society, 201 1). At this phase of treatment patient emotional, physical, social state are vulnerable. The anticancer drugs take a toll on the body, making the patient more at risk for infection. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of hair, mouth sores, are among the many undesirable side effects patient experience while going through this phase. Prolonged hospitalizing are common while the patient is entropic (Assignations Workman, 2013, p. 884). Then, consolidation chemotherapy is used to destroy any remaining leukemia cells that cannot be seen in the blood or bone marrow. It consist of another course of either the same drugs use for induction at a different dosage or a different combination of chemotherapy drugs; HOST also may be considered, depending on the disease subtype and the patients response to induction therapy (Assignations Workman, 2013, p. 884). Not only do the body immune system is weak by the mass production f immature WEB, but chemotherapy severely suppresses the bone marrow leaving patient at an increase risk for infection. Nursing care for this patient is vital. Nurses caring for the patient with leukemia face many challenges. It is crucial that should not only understand the disease process, but treatment course as well. This enables them to educate their patient, administer treatment safely, and manage for possible side effects; but also to provide support to the patient and family. HOST is the standard treatment for the patient with leukemia who has a closely matched donor and who is in temporary remission after induction These treatments are lethal to the bone marrow, and without replacement of the stem cells by transplantation, the patient would die of infection or hemorrhage (Assignations Workman, 201 3, p. 85). Stem cells are classified by the source. HOST started with the use of allegoric is transplantation of bone mallow form a sibling or matched unrelated donor and has advanced to the use of human leukocyte antigen(HAL) There is tautologys, in which patient receives their own step cell which are collected before high-doses therapy Lastly, genetics are those that come form identical sibling (Assi gnations Workman, 201 3, p. 85). After, the frozen stem cells are thaw and given as blood transfusions by a central venous catheter or a venous access device. In order for the body to successfully take the transplanted cells a process called engagement is key to the whole transplantation process (Assignations Workman, 2013, p. 887). The period after transplantation is difficult for both the patient and family due to the patient weaken immunity. During and aftermath prevention of complications Life-threatening complications in particular can require complex physical treatment but, more significantly, may arouse complex emotional, psychological and spiritual issues for both patient and nurse. The care focuses on the patient taking chemotherapy and HOST. The most difficult task for the nursing during this processes is maintain hope through this long recovery period. Infections are a major complication in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (ML) undergoing intensive chemotherapy, these complications are still associated with severe morbidity and mortality. Meghan, T et al. (2012) emphasized, Preventing infection is a paramount goal for nurses caring for patients with leukemia. Interruption among hospitalized patients with acute leukemia puts them at a high risk of infection (p. 80). Hand hygiene is to be one of the most effective ways to prevent the transmission of infection. It is important to teach the patient about hand washing to prevent infections while this vulnerable state. Patient should be place in single rooms to prevent cross contamination. The most common infections are fungal, bacteria, and dome residual viral breakthrough (Assignations Workman, 201 3, p. 419). It is important to keep equipment used by the patient in the room, this will ensure there is no contamination. Assisted personal should be taught about washing hands often in between patients and use hand sanitized when you cant use soap and water. Avoid people with colds or the flu, thus, visiting patient should wear a mask at all times. These steps can help reduce the chances of coming into contact with someone who is sick. Patients are wipe out the majority of the time after treatment that self care is often neglected. It is imperative to teach patient, family, and assisted personal that some aspects of personal care cannot be put off for a later time. Mouth care is vital to prevent infection. Brush your teeth after meals and before bedtime, using an extra- soft toothbrush that wont hurt your gums. Inspect mouth for any sores, and report any open sores immediately. Clean your toothbrush at least weekly by either rinsing it liquid laundry bleach and then rinsing the bleach with hot running water. Skin is often the only body part protecting the patient, thus, any break can be a major potential for infection. Bathe regularly with warm water. Be careful to dry your skin completely. Use lotion to prevent cracks in your skin. Open cut and cracks may let bacteria in. Keep your skin hydrated and moisturizer. Dry, cracked skin is more likely to break and become susceptible to infections. Furthermore, squeezing or scratching pimples can rate open sores that would also place you at higher risk of infection. The same is true of biting or tearing at your cuticles. Use an electric razor instead of a blade. This may help you to avoid cuts. Patients should avoid anything raw vegetables, fruit. Cook all food thoroughly. This will help kill any potential germs that may be on raw food. Teach patient to avoid eating raw fruits and vegetables; undercooked meat, eggs, and fish, pepper, apical. The priority nursing interventions for patient with interruption are protecting him or her form infection and teaching patient and family about ways in which they can educe infection. Total patient assessment, including skin, lung, mouth, close inspection of venous access device insertion site(illustrating Workman, 201 3, p. 41 9). The patient should be monitor continuously for infection. Take temperatures according to hospital policy. Monitor the patients CB with differential. Inspect the mouth during every shift for lesions. A complete respiratory assessment should be assess for any presence of crackles, wheezes, and diminish breath sounds. Ask the patient to report any burning, painful urination, also, report any foul odor or cloudiness. It is important to maintain aseptic technique when dealing with central venous devices for dressing changes and administration of chemotherapy drugs at all times. Inspect open areas, such as C.V. every 4 hours for manifestations of infection. Change IV tubing according to hospital protocol. In addition, the patient is also vulnerable from minimal injury. Thermodynamic is defined as a decreased number of platelets in the blood, which can result in poor blood clotting. Thermodynamic is induced by chemotherapy, this poses the patient at great risk for excessive bleeding (Assignations Workman, 201 3, . 89). Patient with thermodynamic often experience include: Easy bruising, bleeding from your nose, rectum (black or bloody bowel movements), or stomach (vomiting blood or coffee-appearing material). Encourage the patient to stand unclothed in front of a mirror once a day to check for areas of bruising. Patchier, which are red spots in the skin. Economies which are larger reddish-blue patch es (bruises) on your skin. In women, periods that are heavier than normal. There are ways to manage this condition, they include: medications that stimulate the formation of platelets. One of this medication is Megan (Assignations Workman, 2013, p. 421) Patient should caution to avoid taking aspirin because it increases risk for bleeding. Patients should use electrical razors. If patient want to blow nose they should do it gently. Also, they should avoid hard food. If patient wears dentures they should fit the mouth properly. If patient want to cut nails they should do so with care. Patient should avoid becoming constipated or straining by taking a stool softener. If any bleeding does occur, instruct the patient to apply pressure to the area and seek help. The most important specs of care of this patient is to maintain a safe, hazardous free environment. Moreover, the patient also suffers from anemia. Normal production of red blood cell is limited with leukemia. Anemia is relatively common in patients who undergo chemotherapy. The goal with anemia is to conserve energy and improve red blood cell counts. Anemia depends on the extend of disease and intensity of treatment. Patients are often left feeling of tiredness which may interfere with every day activities. Fatigue is the most common sign of anemia Patient may become short of breath, dizzy. As Meghan, T et al. 012) advised, Blood transfusions are given to relieve symptoms and improve patients quality of life. (p. 81). Transfusions may be one way to alleviate patients symptoms though the correction effort is fast the duration is limited ant transient. Drug therapy include the administration of arthroscopies-stimulating agent. This agents that boost the production of red blood cells. It is important for nurses to be understanding and helpful during this time of weakness and to reassure patient that is only temporary. There are ways in which nurses can help patient cope with low energy level angina from medication to nursing activities. For example, nursing staff and assisted personnel should space out nursing activities throughout the day and perform any activity possible when the patient has the most energy. It is important to monitor respiratory status during activity to determine if the patient is able to tolerate. Also, nutrition plays a vital role and should be consider because the patient needs enough calories to meet and maintain demand of body. Lastly, malnutrition among patients with leukemia is high. It is very common problem among hospitalized patient, in general; anyway, who wants to eat when sick! It is the nurse, that need to educate abut the importance of nutrition. There are many causes of malnutrition including pain, fatigue, depression, and side effects of chemotherapy. The simple most obvious cause is loss of appetite due to alter taste. Some symptoms include sore mouth, dry mouth, pain, taste and smell changes, diarrhea, fatigue, anxiety, nausea and vomiting. When encourage patient about nutrition modifications is important to keep in mind to include the patient in decision making as much as possible giving a sense of power. Asking the patient about what are some likes and dislikes.

Vietnam 1962-1969 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Vietnam 1962-1969 - Essay Example Over a fortnight after Ho Chi Minh plagiarized American Declaration of Independence the first American dies on Vietnamese soil. An OSS officer Lt. Col. A. Peter Dewey was killed by Vietminh guerrillas mistaken for French officer. Ironically Dewey had submitted a report on crisis in Vietnam stating that America "ought to clear out of Southeast Asia." On 26 July, 1956 US government assigns $15 million in military aid to the French in order to deter the spread of â€Å"Communist threat†. That year lots of American military advisors followed American millions to Vietnam. To aid French to struggle against  «monolithic world Communism" Americans establish Military Assistance Advisory Group (MAAG) in South Vietnam. Twelve years later this Agency was replaced by the United States Military Assistance Command Vietnam (MACV). 1962 thus becomes the year of the beginning of the full-scale Vietnam War as we know it so far. In 1964 Southeast Asia Resolution as well as Gulf of Tonkin Resolu tion was passed. The documents authorized to apply conventional warfare in Indochina region. This very year America elected Lyndon Johnson her new president who announced his Great Society program. As any great society America needed a great victorious war so the president announces that his society â€Å"can never again stand aside, prideful in isolation†.

A review of the literature on the effectiveness of acupuncture on Essay

A review of the literature on the effectiveness of acupuncture on chronic neck pain - Essay Example This effect however was not found to be clinically significant. The design of the study was a randomised, single-blind, placebo controlled, parallel-arm trial. The sample of participants was selected from two outpatient departments in the UK, with a total of 124 study participants in total completing the trial. The participants selected were between 18 and 80 years old, and were all selected on the criteria of having chronic, mechanical neck pain. The study was measured on an outcome basis, with the primary outcome being continued pain after one week of treatment. Secondary outcomes were pain at other time points, score on the neck disability index and the Short Form-36, and use of analgesic medications. Patients received either 8 treatments with acupuncture over the space of 4 weeks or 8 treatments of mock transcutaneous electrical stimulation of acupuncture points. While the acupuncture was found to be effective in relieving the neck pain, it was found not to be clinically signific ant as the placebo group were also found to improve from the baseline. Based on the primary outcome of pain one week after beginning treatment, the study found only a 12% better improvement in those receiving acupuncture than those receiving the placebo. This small percentage was not deemed to be clinically significant despite being classed as statistically so. There were recognised to be limitations in the study, however. Although the treatments were all carried out by one practitioner, the control did not mimic the process of needling, which may have affected the credibility of the placebo. There was also no control by means of a non-intervention group, which could have been used to measure the significance of the treatment in comparison to patients having received no treatment at all for the neck pain. The study did not make any assessment to the safety of the procedure. Overall from this study, it would be concluded that acupuncture is not effective enough in treatment of